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    Will You Add? - Net Neutrality and the Carrier Hotel

    Match Investments with Your Own Profile
    Investors today are flooded with various choices of investment instruments like fixed deposits, shares, unit trust, gold, bonds, etc. Before investing, it's important to gauge your risk appetite.Risk appetite is sometimes influenced by our culture, upbringing, character, age or profession. For instance, the older a person gets the more risk averse he's likely to be. Therefore, there are factors to consider when making an investment. Ask yourself; how much capital do I have to invest? What is my expected rate of return? Is it short, medium or long term investment? What are the options available to me? How much I could afford to lose? How do these options compare against each other? Have I considered all possible costs of investment?By answering these questions, we can narrow down the choices to those that most suit us. This is one method of profiling. It reduces confusion in deciding which type of investments we should invest in.The famous saying, 'diversify your investment portfolio'; in property investment, diversification can come in the form of various property types, such as residential, commercial and industrial. In shares, it would be investing in different companies involved in different industries. If one share suffers losses, your overall investment is set off by investments in other companies that may still be profitable.There are basically three broad streams of growth for property investments, which are capital growth (buy and hold), rental income (cash flow) and a combination of both. Some investors look for high yield properties (for the rental income) while others go for capital growth or appreciation. The best would be a combination of both.Prior investing, bear in mind the incidental costs involved l
    and Tier 3 networks to interconnect. Both One Wilshire and 60 Hudson operate utility packet exchanges, allowing packet networks (Internet and Internet Content/Applications) to interconnect through an Internet exchange. The Internet Exchange, such as One Wilshire’s Any2 Exchange, allows network and content providers to connect to the exchange with a single high speed connection, and then connect with any or all other exchange participants without the need of physical cabling or port consumption.

    ByPass and the Packet Exchange

    The Internet is a rich environment supporting constant development of advanced technologies, products, and communication-enabled services. Three areas which have seen rapid development, as well as growth, are voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), interactive entertainment, such as multi-user gaming, and rich media on demand (video). All three require high performance access to end users, and all three have the potential of producing large amounts of network traffic.

    In our broadband access world, most end users are connected to their network with high capacity lines, whether it be ADSL, Internet over CATV lines, or wireless. For the access network, getting large amounts of traffic to the end users is usually not a big concern, rather paying for large amounts of traffic or higher bandwidth ports may become a factor due to the high operational costs of connecting to an upstream network provider in a paid peering relationship.

    To ensure a positive end user experience, which is clearly a necessity for customer retention, the access network and content provider need to ensur

    Why Benefit Headlines Don't Work
    Clayton is great; I subscribe to his newsletter, and I love every issue.But Eugene Schwartz explains in two ways why certain times, a big benefit headline will flop…”Why Haven’t TV Owners Been Told These Facts” outpulled “Fix Your TV By Yourself” type of headline.First, the comment of Patrice is on target. Telling the customer not to do something or not to buy something implies revealing some secret or new information (benefits) to the reader…therefore the headline : ” Why this or that doesn’t work” addresses the reader’s skeptism, confirms his doubt, and tells him :”Here’s a chance to know for sure why this or that doesn’t work” and this chance is a BENEFIT.Second, in Breakthrough Advertising, which I guess most of you must be familiar with, Gene Schwartz talks about market awareness and market maturity and life cycle of markets.I think the power of benefit headlines is tied to the market awareness in these ways: is the customer aware that he can have the benefits you’re offering, is he prepared to believe the benefits you’re offering? If the prospect is not aware of the benefit, that the benefit can be obtained, if he is not aware of the need, but only feels that there is a general problem, a benefit headline might not win against a “Skepticism Headline” or ” questioning the status quo headline”.Second, market maturity explains why benefit headlines become impotent. If 200 products are being presented using the same benefits (super-generous guarantee,outselling everybody else, offering employee discount,or other performances or offers…etc), after a certain time the benefits will be common ground and 1)they will have less impact on the reader 2)no company is really offering something different.Claude Hopkins says something s
    Carrier hotels and large data centers offer the telecom and network industry convenient locations to interconnect with other telecom companies at a physical level, in a neutral facility offering high density of available carriers. As telecommunications worldwide continues movement towards packet networks and services, Internet protocol exchanges and interconnection points will add even greater value to the global telecom community.

    Large networks are demanding compensation from smaller networks and content providers for use of their infrastructure, while the Internet community in general is demanding free access (network neutrality) to that infrastructure used, or contracted from the large facility-based networks. Carrier hotels are essential to survival of smaller companies hoping to compete with established public utilities including AT&T, Verizon, and BellSouth.

    Legislation such as HR 5252, without specific network neutrality protection, will drive the second tier of network providers to develop parallel infrastructure using wireless and physical cable, in addition to stronger peering relationships allowing bypass of large network infrastructure. Carrier hotels support stronger peering relationships among smaller networks and content providers by allowing a neutral interconnection environment, bypassing large wholesale network infrastructure or transit.

    The Internet Tiered Hierarchy

    For the past 15 years or so the Internet has been broken into three major tiers:

    • Tier 1 – the backbone carrier. These Tier 1 carriers are facility-based, and carry the entire Internet routing table. Internet network providers normally acknowledged as Tier 1s include Verizon (formerly UUNET/MCI Internet), Sprint, AT&T, and Cable & Wireless.

    • Tier 2 – regional and second level Internet networks. Also normally facility-based, however still rely on one of the Tier 1s for some routing and transit. This includes cable TV networks, CLECs, and international second tier carriers such as France Telecom Open Transit and Level 3.

    • Tier 3 – Access networks and content service provider networks.

    Peering is a concept that allows networks to have mutual agreements allowing the transfer of traffic directly between their networks, without having to use a higher tier network for that transit. Paid peering is how Tier 2 and Tier 1 networks charge smaller networks for accessing their backbones or allowing subscribers to their networks access to the rest of world Internet.

    Network Neutrality assumes users will be able to control what kind of content or applications they produce or access, without regard to grade or quality of service. Thus, whether you pay for a dedicated, all-you-can-eat port, or if you pay a usage-based billing model, all you are paying for is the ability to send and receive packets at the rate agreed in your contract with an “upstream” Tier 2 or Tier 1 network provider.

    Current legislation (HR5252) will give Tier 2 and Tier 1 carriers much more control over the content produced and applications used by both Tier 3 networks and content/applications providers, but also restrict how end users may be able to use network applications. An example most widely touted is voice over Internet Protocol, or VoIP. The Tier 1 and Tier 2 networks claim VoIP requires higher quality of service, and therefore places unreasonable demands on the backbone network. They further contend content service providers, such as Google and Yahoo, are able to provide their content to users without charge or fee to backbone network providers which are used as transit networks.

    Originally verbiage in HR5252 included discussion on network neutrality. Network neutrality is the principle that “Internet users should be in control of what content they view and what applications they use on the Internet.” Since the beginning, the Internet has operated under the principle of network service provider neutrality, fostering technical innovations, development of online industries, and creation of a truly global community and marketplace.

    The Internet was built with an idea of openness, which was only occasionally challenged by restrictive governments which believed it necessary to limit the freedom of the citizens to access and view open information. With IPv6 protocol, governments will continue to find Internet control a difficult proposition, as IPSEC will further harness their ability to limit or intercept data.

    Carrier Hotels and Support of Network Neutrality

    Carrier hotels are by nature real estate operations. Carrier hotels make money by leasing or licensing footprint, uninterruptible power, cooling, and interconnections. The more interconnections and networks present within a property, the more important that property became to the telecom and network provider community. The reasoning is pretty simple. If you are in a carrier hotel you can generally interconnect with another network or carrier through use of a local cross connect, and in some cases simply a “jumper” cable. If in a data center geographically separated from a major carrier hotel (such as One Wilshire, 60 Hudson, The Westin Building , or Telehouse ), or are a tenant in a data center operated by an existing carrier, then your cost of interconnecting with other network providers and carriers will be substantially higher.

    A carrier hotel such as One Wilshire may have more than 300 carriers and service providers present as tenants within a single building. Most of those tenants will have a direct presence within a building-operated meet-me-room, allowing all carriers easy access to one another as all are within close proximity.

    The carrier hotel is a location where Tier 3 and Tier 2 networks, as well as content and applications providers can directly interconnect. This allows those networks to “peer” without the need of sending traffic through a transit or large Tier 2 / 1 carrier. In many cases the smaller carriers and content or applications providers can peer as equals, with no money passing hands between networks. This is important in cases where a content provider may be sending a tremendous amount of traffic to users of a small network. Both the content provider and Tier 3 network will most likely have paid peering arrangements with upstream networks, resulting in both companies and their users paying for basically the same traffic.

    Carrier hotels may also offer additional utilities or options for Tier 2 and Tier 3 networks to interconnect. Both One Wilshire and 60 Hudson operate utility packet exchanges, allowing packet networks (Internet and Internet Content/Applications) to interconnect through an Internet exchange. The Internet Exchange, such as One Wilshire’s Any2 Exchange, allows network and content providers to connect to the exchange with a single high speed connection, and then connect with any or all other exchange participants without the need of physical cabling or port consumption.

    ByPass and the Packet Exchange

    The Internet is a rich environment supporting constant development of advanced technologies, products, and communication-enabled services. Three areas which have seen rapid development, as well as growth, are voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), interactive entertainment, such as multi-user gaming, and rich media on demand (video). All three require high performance access to end users, and all three have the potential of producing large amounts of network traffic.

    In our broadband access world, most end users are connected to their network with high capacity lines, whether it be ADSL, Internet over CATV lines, or wireless. For the access network, getting large amounts of traffic to the end users is usually not a big concern, rather paying for large amounts of traffic or higher bandwidth ports may become a factor due to the high operational costs of connecting to an upstream network provider in a paid peering relationship.

    To ensure a positive end user experience, which is clearly a necessity for customer retention, the access network and content provider need to ensure

    Your Job Interview Is Like A Blind Date: It's a Meeting Between Two Interested People
    Love is in the air. You know a little about your date and your date knows a little about you. The description of your blind date seems to be too good to be true – a perfect vision of your ideal partner. They have the right physical attributes and personal qualities. Your matchmaking friends are even more excited than you because they’re convinced you are perfect for one another. The date has been set. You can hardly wait!The night arrives and you see your blind date walk through the door of the restaurant. So far so good. The introductions go very well. They are very attractive and have a great personality. They seem to like you too. You can sense each other’s nerves, and are very careful about saying the wrong thing and turning each other off. After about fifteen minutes of slightly awkward conversation mostly dominated by your friends, your date, who by the way is a nurse, says,"So, I hear you’re a successful pharmaceutical sales representative with one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the country. That sounds so exciting. How did you get into pharmaceutical sales?"You begin by talking about how you’ve always been interested in medicine, enjoy selling, and never saw yourself at a desk job. You explain how you joined the company when they launched one of the best selling nebulizers on the market. As you humbly mention that you grew your sales territory to rank as one of the highest in the country, the waitress interrupts to take your plates and asks if you’d like desert. Wow, the conversation just flowed. You even forgot you were on a date! Your date was so interested in what you had to say, and they responded so well to the great questions you asked them about their work and family. Your date can sense you are truly interested in them
    Internet network providers normally acknowledged as Tier 1s include Verizon (formerly UUNET/MCI Internet), Sprint, AT&T, and Cable & Wireless.

    • Tier 2 – regional and second level Internet networks. Also normally facility-based, however still rely on one of the Tier 1s for some routing and transit. This includes cable TV networks, CLECs, and international second tier carriers such as France Telecom Open Transit and Level 3.

    • Tier 3 – Access networks and content service provider networks.

    Peering is a concept that allows networks to have mutual agreements allowing the transfer of traffic directly between their networks, without having to use a higher tier network for that transit. Paid peering is how Tier 2 and Tier 1 networks charge smaller networks for accessing their backbones or allowing subscribers to their networks access to the rest of world Internet.

    Network Neutrality assumes users will be able to control what kind of content or applications they produce or access, without regard to grade or quality of service. Thus, whether you pay for a dedicated, all-you-can-eat port, or if you pay a usage-based billing model, all you are paying for is the ability to send and receive packets at the rate agreed in your contract with an “upstream” Tier 2 or Tier 1 network provider.

    Current legislation (HR5252) will give Tier 2 and Tier 1 carriers much more control over the content produced and applications used by both Tier 3 networks and content/applications providers, but also restrict how end users may be able to use network applications. An example most widely touted is voice over Internet Protocol, or VoIP. The Tier 1 and Tier 2 networks claim VoIP requires higher quality of service, and therefore places unreasonable demands on the backbone network. They further contend content service providers, such as Google and Yahoo, are able to provide their content to users without charge or fee to backbone network providers which are used as transit networks.

    Originally verbiage in HR5252 included discussion on network neutrality. Network neutrality is the principle that “Internet users should be in control of what content they view and what applications they use on the Internet.” Since the beginning, the Internet has operated under the principle of network service provider neutrality, fostering technical innovations, development of online industries, and creation of a truly global community and marketplace.

    The Internet was built with an idea of openness, which was only occasionally challenged by restrictive governments which believed it necessary to limit the freedom of the citizens to access and view open information. With IPv6 protocol, governments will continue to find Internet control a difficult proposition, as IPSEC will further harness their ability to limit or intercept data.

    Carrier Hotels and Support of Network Neutrality

    Carrier hotels are by nature real estate operations. Carrier hotels make money by leasing or licensing footprint, uninterruptible power, cooling, and interconnections. The more interconnections and networks present within a property, the more important that property became to the telecom and network provider community. The reasoning is pretty simple. If you are in a carrier hotel you can generally interconnect with another network or carrier through use of a local cross connect, and in some cases simply a “jumper” cable. If in a data center geographically separated from a major carrier hotel (such as One Wilshire, 60 Hudson, The Westin Building , or Telehouse ), or are a tenant in a data center operated by an existing carrier, then your cost of interconnecting with other network providers and carriers will be substantially higher.

    A carrier hotel such as One Wilshire may have more than 300 carriers and service providers present as tenants within a single building. Most of those tenants will have a direct presence within a building-operated meet-me-room, allowing all carriers easy access to one another as all are within close proximity.

    The carrier hotel is a location where Tier 3 and Tier 2 networks, as well as content and applications providers can directly interconnect. This allows those networks to “peer” without the need of sending traffic through a transit or large Tier 2 / 1 carrier. In many cases the smaller carriers and content or applications providers can peer as equals, with no money passing hands between networks. This is important in cases where a content provider may be sending a tremendous amount of traffic to users of a small network. Both the content provider and Tier 3 network will most likely have paid peering arrangements with upstream networks, resulting in both companies and their users paying for basically the same traffic.

    Carrier hotels may also offer additional utilities or options for Tier 2 and Tier 3 networks to interconnect. Both One Wilshire and 60 Hudson operate utility packet exchanges, allowing packet networks (Internet and Internet Content/Applications) to interconnect through an Internet exchange. The Internet Exchange, such as One Wilshire’s Any2 Exchange, allows network and content providers to connect to the exchange with a single high speed connection, and then connect with any or all other exchange participants without the need of physical cabling or port consumption.

    ByPass and the Packet Exchange

    The Internet is a rich environment supporting constant development of advanced technologies, products, and communication-enabled services. Three areas which have seen rapid development, as well as growth, are voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), interactive entertainment, such as multi-user gaming, and rich media on demand (video). All three require high performance access to end users, and all three have the potential of producing large amounts of network traffic.

    In our broadband access world, most end users are connected to their network with high capacity lines, whether it be ADSL, Internet over CATV lines, or wireless. For the access network, getting large amounts of traffic to the end users is usually not a big concern, rather paying for large amounts of traffic or higher bandwidth ports may become a factor due to the high operational costs of connecting to an upstream network provider in a paid peering relationship.

    To ensure a positive end user experience, which is clearly a necessity for customer retention, the access network and content provider need to ensur

    The Incredible Shrinking Business
    ATTENTION NETWORK MARKETERSIs your downline shrinking faster than a grape in the California sun? Or worse, does your downline look more like a dying vine than the vibrant and healthy wealth generating machine you envisioned when you first got started with your business?If that sounds familiar or it is an accurate description of your team, then there is hope for your sickly, frail, lethargic business because the Doctor is IN the house to help you.Are you interested in learning how you can put 3-5 new reps into your networking business day in and day out without fail? Knowing what your comp plan pays, what would happen to your weekly checks if your business was growing at that pace? Get my FREE power call and get started on the road to financial freedom and start fulfilling the dreams that got you into network marketing in the first place.Oh, I'm sorry, you're not getting weekly checks? If you're not, then maybe what your MLM business needs is a CHECK UP.Like any patient, your business needs a doctor. Consider me to be your MLM health practitioner and I have the prescription for getting you and your networking business earning six-figures within 12 months so that you can enjoy the success your hard work deserves. I'm willing to bet you didn't get into your networking business to fail. So, why do you settle for mediocrity? If you are not putting 20 to 30 people a week into your business, then you're settling for mediocrity. Let me help prescribe the antidote to mediocrity and pump up your downline as if it were on steroids.Have you ever wondered how the people on stage at the business meetings that you've attended got up there in the first place? My fellow network marketer, you might be surprised if you only knew the answers.
    net Protocol, or VoIP. The Tier 1 and Tier 2 networks claim VoIP requires higher quality of service, and therefore places unreasonable demands on the backbone network. They further contend content service providers, such as Google and Yahoo, are able to provide their content to users without charge or fee to backbone network providers which are used as transit networks.

    Originally verbiage in HR5252 included discussion on network neutrality. Network neutrality is the principle that “Internet users should be in control of what content they view and what applications they use on the Internet.” Since the beginning, the Internet has operated under the principle of network service provider neutrality, fostering technical innovations, development of online industries, and creation of a truly global community and marketplace.

    The Internet was built with an idea of openness, which was only occasionally challenged by restrictive governments which believed it necessary to limit the freedom of the citizens to access and view open information. With IPv6 protocol, governments will continue to find Internet control a difficult proposition, as IPSEC will further harness their ability to limit or intercept data.

    Carrier Hotels and Support of Network Neutrality

    Carrier hotels are by nature real estate operations. Carrier hotels make money by leasing or licensing footprint, uninterruptible power, cooling, and interconnections. The more interconnections and networks present within a property, the more important that property became to the telecom and network provider community. The reasoning is pretty simple. If you are in a carrier hotel you can generally interconnect with another network or carrier through use of a local cross connect, and in some cases simply a “jumper” cable. If in a data center geographically separated from a major carrier hotel (such as One Wilshire, 60 Hudson, The Westin Building , or Telehouse ), or are a tenant in a data center operated by an existing carrier, then your cost of interconnecting with other network providers and carriers will be substantially higher.

    A carrier hotel such as One Wilshire may have more than 300 carriers and service providers present as tenants within a single building. Most of those tenants will have a direct presence within a building-operated meet-me-room, allowing all carriers easy access to one another as all are within close proximity.

    The carrier hotel is a location where Tier 3 and Tier 2 networks, as well as content and applications providers can directly interconnect. This allows those networks to “peer” without the need of sending traffic through a transit or large Tier 2 / 1 carrier. In many cases the smaller carriers and content or applications providers can peer as equals, with no money passing hands between networks. This is important in cases where a content provider may be sending a tremendous amount of traffic to users of a small network. Both the content provider and Tier 3 network will most likely have paid peering arrangements with upstream networks, resulting in both companies and their users paying for basically the same traffic.

    Carrier hotels may also offer additional utilities or options for Tier 2 and Tier 3 networks to interconnect. Both One Wilshire and 60 Hudson operate utility packet exchanges, allowing packet networks (Internet and Internet Content/Applications) to interconnect through an Internet exchange. The Internet Exchange, such as One Wilshire’s Any2 Exchange, allows network and content providers to connect to the exchange with a single high speed connection, and then connect with any or all other exchange participants without the need of physical cabling or port consumption.

    ByPass and the Packet Exchange

    The Internet is a rich environment supporting constant development of advanced technologies, products, and communication-enabled services. Three areas which have seen rapid development, as well as growth, are voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), interactive entertainment, such as multi-user gaming, and rich media on demand (video). All three require high performance access to end users, and all three have the potential of producing large amounts of network traffic.

    In our broadband access world, most end users are connected to their network with high capacity lines, whether it be ADSL, Internet over CATV lines, or wireless. For the access network, getting large amounts of traffic to the end users is usually not a big concern, rather paying for large amounts of traffic or higher bandwidth ports may become a factor due to the high operational costs of connecting to an upstream network provider in a paid peering relationship.

    To ensure a positive end user experience, which is clearly a necessity for customer retention, the access network and content provider need to ensur

    Six Best Ways To Make Money Online
    On the internet, there are many ways to make money online. Below are the six best ways that I recommend to explode your online income.1. Make money from web sites that don't have an affiliate program by doing a joint venture. Set up the affiliate program through a third party for them. By doing that for them you could require that you become their only affiliate. You would instantly become a super affiliate because you would be the only one with no competition.2. Offer an affiliate program with your product. This increases the perceived value because people can also make money with your product. For example, you could say, "Make ($) per sale selling this product!" Another example, "Make (cents) per visitor you send to our web site!"3. Make money selling advertising space in your e-book. You could charge for full page color ads, classified ads or banners ads. You could also trade advertising space in your e-book for other forms of advertising. For example, you could say, "Promote Your Business In Our Free E-book For Only ($). It's been downloaded over 5000 times!"4. Make money by selling the reprint rights to those who would like to sell the e-book. You could also make even more money by selling the master reprint rights. This would allow other people to sell the reprint rights. You could also include your ads in the e-books. Every time someone reads it or sells one, you'll get exposure.5. Make money cross-promoting your e-book with other people's products or services. This technique will double your marketing effort without spending more time and money on your part. For example, you could package your business e-book with a search engine submission service.6. Create an extra revenue stream with your web site's articles or con
    le. If you are in a carrier hotel you can generally interconnect with another network or carrier through use of a local cross connect, and in some cases simply a “jumper” cable. If in a data center geographically separated from a major carrier hotel (such as One Wilshire, 60 Hudson, The Westin Building , or Telehouse ), or are a tenant in a data center operated by an existing carrier, then your cost of interconnecting with other network providers and carriers will be substantially higher.

    A carrier hotel such as One Wilshire may have more than 300 carriers and service providers present as tenants within a single building. Most of those tenants will have a direct presence within a building-operated meet-me-room, allowing all carriers easy access to one another as all are within close proximity.

    The carrier hotel is a location where Tier 3 and Tier 2 networks, as well as content and applications providers can directly interconnect. This allows those networks to “peer” without the need of sending traffic through a transit or large Tier 2 / 1 carrier. In many cases the smaller carriers and content or applications providers can peer as equals, with no money passing hands between networks. This is important in cases where a content provider may be sending a tremendous amount of traffic to users of a small network. Both the content provider and Tier 3 network will most likely have paid peering arrangements with upstream networks, resulting in both companies and their users paying for basically the same traffic.

    Carrier hotels may also offer additional utilities or options for Tier 2 and Tier 3 networks to interconnect. Both One Wilshire and 60 Hudson operate utility packet exchanges, allowing packet networks (Internet and Internet Content/Applications) to interconnect through an Internet exchange. The Internet Exchange, such as One Wilshire’s Any2 Exchange, allows network and content providers to connect to the exchange with a single high speed connection, and then connect with any or all other exchange participants without the need of physical cabling or port consumption.

    ByPass and the Packet Exchange

    The Internet is a rich environment supporting constant development of advanced technologies, products, and communication-enabled services. Three areas which have seen rapid development, as well as growth, are voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), interactive entertainment, such as multi-user gaming, and rich media on demand (video). All three require high performance access to end users, and all three have the potential of producing large amounts of network traffic.

    In our broadband access world, most end users are connected to their network with high capacity lines, whether it be ADSL, Internet over CATV lines, or wireless. For the access network, getting large amounts of traffic to the end users is usually not a big concern, rather paying for large amounts of traffic or higher bandwidth ports may become a factor due to the high operational costs of connecting to an upstream network provider in a paid peering relationship.

    To ensure a positive end user experience, which is clearly a necessity for customer retention, the access network and content provider need to ensur

    Conversations that Count!
    What type of impression are you leaving? How effective are your communication skills? As you either thumb through your daily planner or scan through your palm pilot, review your recent interactions. Did any of the following issues arise?· You were asked to speak up or repeat yourself· Your message was misunderstood· You couldn't get the full attention of your audience· You didn't get the results or reactions you had anticipated· You didn’t make the sale or close the transactionThese phenomena are quite common in the course of the typical business day. What causes these missed opportunities? Usually the missed opportunity stems from one of the following communications flaws:· Speaking too rapidly· Speaking with too low of a volume level· Slurring your words or mumbling· Speaking in a tone that lacks confidence, interest, or authority· Failing to organize your thoughts before speaking· Lacking eye contact or other non-verbal body language to support your message· Speaking too much and listening too littleWhether it's nervous energy or just bad habits, the results are the same. Your message is not understood as you intended. Improving your communication skills takes time and practice. Even the best speakers benefit from rehearsal and preparation!· If you are preparing for an important call or conversation, take a few minutes to jot notes and organize your thoughts. Locate a mirror and smile as you speak on the phone.· If you find yourself speaking rapidly, try emphasizing the
    and Tier 3 networks to interconnect. Both One Wilshire and 60 Hudson operate utility packet exchanges, allowing packet networks (Internet and Internet Content/Applications) to interconnect through an Internet exchange. The Internet Exchange, such as One Wilshire’s Any2 Exchange, allows network and content providers to connect to the exchange with a single high speed connection, and then connect with any or all other exchange participants without the need of physical cabling or port consumption.

    ByPass and the Packet Exchange

    The Internet is a rich environment supporting constant development of advanced technologies, products, and communication-enabled services. Three areas which have seen rapid development, as well as growth, are voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), interactive entertainment, such as multi-user gaming, and rich media on demand (video). All three require high performance access to end users, and all three have the potential of producing large amounts of network traffic.

    In our broadband access world, most end users are connected to their network with high capacity lines, whether it be ADSL, Internet over CATV lines, or wireless. For the access network, getting large amounts of traffic to the end users is usually not a big concern, rather paying for large amounts of traffic or higher bandwidth ports may become a factor due to the high operational costs of connecting to an upstream network provider in a paid peering relationship.

    To ensure a positive end user experience, which is clearly a necessity for customer retention, the access network and content provider need to ensure their users do not have “bottle-necks” or traffic congestion points between either interactive users, or content distribution end points.

    The Packets Will Flow

    The Internet was originally designed as a highly survivable network, allowing packets of information to route around blocks and failure points in any network. This ability to bypass blockages and failure points has an uncanny parallel in the dynamic of business relationships associated with the Internet.

    Whenever an architecture or business model becomes too restrictive, an alternate model develops or emerges. The Internet community inherently wants neutrality, and has historically found ways to bypass restrictive networks and legal blockages, allowing users to freely communicate with each other, regardless of controls placed on network architecture, policy, security, and monitoring.

    Like Internet packets, the Internet community will find ways around the Tier 1 and facility-based carriers attempting to restrict or limit applications and services on the public Internet.

    VoIP and the End of Telephone Networks

    VoIP is under close observation by the government, telecom industry, and most importantly the end user community. Pricing, call quality, and ease of usage are all important topics, as is future regulation and security implications of sending calls over a packet network.

    VoIP not only has physical network performance concerns, but also must look ahead to the long term question of future convergence or integration of video, conferencing, application sharing, and network presence. Today’s world operates on a numbering system called E.164. E.164 is the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) recommendation for international and local telephone numbering systems. With VoIP the E.164 numbering plan gradually is replaced by network presence indicators, which simply “proxy” your desired identity on either a telephone or packet network, and announce your availability for either interactive or non-interactive communication.

    Today a user’s instant messaging identity is the best example of an active network presence indicator, however even IM engines are rapidly adding interactive voice modules to their interface. That voice module could be either directly connected to the IM interface, or be “proxied” to the interface through a presence directory.

    The near term “proxy” service is called ENUM. ENUM registries translate between E.164 telephone numbering and network IP addresses or identities. Within a neutral packet exchange, ENUM registries allow non-wholesale or backbone VoIP operators to query a database of other VoIP telephone numbers, and pass VoIP calls to other networks IP<->IP, bypassing any traditional transit telephone operators when completing or terminating “calls.” If VoIP operators have peering agreements in place, this substantially reduces the amount smaller VoIP carriers must pay to telephone transit providers when originating or terminating telephone traffic, allowing the operators to completely bypass telephone network for end-to-end VoIP calling.

    As all networks continue their migration to packet telephony, even ENUM will gradually become obsolete. However, as a utility available within a neutral packet exchange, it could help many smaller networks save enough on operational expenses to survive for a much longer period than otherwise.

    Content Distribution

    Caching companies have been around for several years, with the most prominent (Akamai) having a presence in nearly every major data center. The reason is simple – put your content as close to the user as possible, and the user will get the best experience. Carrier hotels supporting packet exchanges fully support distribution of content. A company like Limelight, which distributes large volumes of media on demand finds a carrier hotel attractive, as it allows the media to bypass the need for an intermediate or transit network. The performance to an end user is then completely dependent on the performance of the access network.

    If net neutrality is not protected under HR5252, then this issue becomes more acute. Both access networks and content owners will incur additional quality of service or volume charges for delivery of high bandwidth applications and content – such as VOD or streaming media. At a packet exchange the content provider is able to directly connect to all participants within the exchange, and in most cases deliver content directly through the exchange without paid peering.

    Internet Service Provider Peering

    The final benefit a carrier hotel, in particular a carrier hotel operating a neutral Internet or packet exchange, can offer is peering among their ISP community. In some cases the dynamics of Internet will justify sending a majority of traffic through a single Tier 2 or Tier 1 network provider. You may enjoy the best possible performance, for the best possible price. However, as the ISP continues to grow, the burden of paying transit or usage fees to an upstream network provider may justify direct peering relationships.

    The carrier hotel easily accommodates both physical interconnections, as well as packet exchange peering. The packet exchange is best if peering is desired among a large number of peers, and the traffic volume is not too high. As traffic to a single network increases, shifting exchange traffic to a dedicated physical cross-connection is possible.

    Conclusions

    Carrier hotels and large neutral data centers are convenient locations for all tiers of Internet networks, content providers, and applications providers. Given concerns about the absence of effective neutrality verbiage within HR 5252 many Tier 2, Tier 3, and content/application providers are looking to carrier hotels and neutral Internet exchanges to help bypass Tier 1 transit. Bypass will allow smaller networks and content providers better network and application performance among participating networks, as well as reduced operating expenses incurred through usage-based billing or port charges.

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