Centralised And Decentralised Books
Inventory purchased by head office and sent to branches for them to sell can be invoiced to the branch at cost price or at an amount above cost (usually a fixed retail selling price). Invoicing the goods sent by head office to the branches at cost reduces head office inventory by the same amount as that at which the inventory was originally recorded in its accounting books. The transfer is not considered to constitute sales and therefore does not result in gross profit for the head office. Branches receive goods at cost price and earn gross profit when goods are sold.Where branch accounting records are kept by head office the information from head office's own documentation is supplemented by the information obtained from branch returns. In practice the branch returns will be summarised monthly and recorded in the relevant branch account in head office's accounting books.Where various branches exist, a separate account should be kept for each, although in a manual system this can be done in columnar form for the sake of simplicity. In head office's books, the sales and various other accounts will be distinguished by the name of the branch.The following are typical accounts provided in a centralised accounting system: (1) Branch inventory account, (2) Branch debtors account (if the branch sells goods on credit), (3) Branch bank and petty cash or cash accounts and (4) Branch profit and loss account.When the head office trading account is prepared the cost of the goods sent to the branches is deducted from head office purchases. If this is not done, head office purchases will comprise head office and branch purchases. This overstatement of purchase will result in an overstatement of head office's

Guideline Market Research - 85% Consumers Prefer Small Screen For Movies
A recent national market research by Guideline, Inc. one of the nation's largest providers of Market Research Expert Consulting and International Research shows that, 85 percent of consumers typically watch movies at home on the small screen. Even when it's a movie they want to see, 49 percent of respondents said they usually wait to purchase or rent the DVD.To better understand consumers' perceptions and preferences related to movies, we conducted an exclusive survey among 1,000 consumers. Furthermore, to ensure the survey addressed all the current issues facing the movie industry, Guideline worked with members of the Promotional Marketing Association's (PMA) Entertainment Advisory Board, which represents all of the major studios in Hollywood, CA companies, to help craft the survey."Guideline's study affirms that DVD spending and consumption remain strong with more people enjoying movies from the comfort of their homes than in the movie theater," said Frank Dudley, Guideline's Vice President of Marketing. "However, despite the many movie-viewing options available, a quarter of consumers still prefer the big screen."According to Guideline's survey research men are more likely (28 percent) to go to the cinema to see the movie before it comes out on DVD, and women are more likely (31 percent) to wait for the movie to be released on DVD so they can rent it. Gender aside, 22 percent usually go to see the movie on the big screen first.There are several reasons why these movie fans prefer to see their flicks in the theater. Most of the survey respondents (46 percent) just simply like seeing movies on the big screen. Another 46 percent of respondents, particularly younger movieg

How To Prepare A Modern Meeting Agenda
The agenda is the key to a successful meeting – it is the roadmap, the guide, the plan. Studies have shown that up to 70% of meetings either have no agenda or have a poor agenda which is not helpful. In this article, you will see that there are some steps which you can take to make sure your agenda will contribute to making your meeting more productive. There are also hidden advantages. If the agenda is well constructed, you will also spend less time in the meeting and more time actually doing the things the meeting determines need to be done!1. Remember the key – the more detailed the agenda, the more focussed and generally, the shorter the meeting will be.2. You cannot expect intelligent decisions if people do not have time to think through the issues before the meeting. Therefore, agendas need to be sent out in advance, not given out at the meeting. People who have genuine desire to reach the best decision, and people who are organised, always have their agendas distributed in time for people to give thought to the issues.3. Adopt the strict policy that if an item is not on the agenda, it will not be discussed at the meeting. Do not allow items to be raised without notice. Allow only true emergency items to be exempt and allow no other exceptions. Organised people have no difficulty with this. It is only disorganised or "slack" people who object to this because they cannot get their act together. Research shows, that if an item is raised without notice, the meeting will spend time talking about it, but then defer the decision until the next meeting anyway when there is notice given. It just wastes time.4. Have a "cut-off" time for agenda items and make sure everyone knows the cut-off time and then

Is It Resistance Or Is It Fear - What's The Difference?
Fear will jetison you into fight or flight mode. Resistance will try to figure things out. Why? Because fear is a vibration of powerlessness and resistance is a vibration of opposition.On an energetic level, powerlessness feels quite different from opposition. Test it out. Think this thought: fear. How did your body respond to the thought of fear? Did you notice your eyes dilating? Did you experience rapid and shallow breathing? Did your eyes narrow and dart around the room looking for an escape route or assault weapon? Could you feel your body winding-up, getting ready to spring?Now, think this thought: opposition. How did your body respond to that thought? Did you feel your arms crossing protectively in front of your chest? Did you notice your feet spreading apart, taking a wider stance? Could you feel your breath deepening in preparation for a standoff? Think Wyatt Earp at the O.K. Corral.The Voices of Powerlessness and OppositionRun! Go! Command is the voice of powerlessness. Fear expresses itself in short, one-word phrases. That's because the part of the brain that functions when you are in fear is the reptilian brain, the brain stem. The reptilian brain is driven by fear, focuses on survival, and takes over when you feel threatened or endangered.What is holding me back? What am I afraid of? Questioning is the voice of resistance. So are statements such as, "Go ahead; make my day." Resistance expresses itself in complete sentences. That's because the neocortex governs your ability to speak, think, and solve problems. It is the most evolutionary, advanced part of your brain and affects your creativity and ability to learn.Fear, the Great MobilizerGover

How to Make Money as a Wholesale Distributor
Wholesale Distribution is truly one of the best businesses in the world and one of the oldest ones. You can manufacture your products, import them or just buy them and sell them. Ether way there is plenty of business out there, it's profitable, it's fun, it's waiting!Becoming a wholesale distributor is more than just a trend. By taking out the middle man in your profits, you will enable yourself to reap the benefits of all the work you do, instead of paying someone else and seeing only a percentage. However, if you want to be a successful wholesale distributor, you will need to understand how to maximize your profits during each transaction.First of all, you want to know your product. While you might just want to sell the most expensive and popular item in the market today, realize that you're only going to sell what you actually know. Retailers aren't going to buy a product that you don't seem confident in, nor will they want to buy anything that you aren't able to fully describe and detail for their needs. Confidence is everything when it comes to your business.Next, you will want to make sure that your supply is legitimate. This is for two reasons. One, if you're not getting a legitimate product you may be breaking copyright laws by reselling it again. And this is legal trouble that you don't want to get into. And two, if you unknowingly sell a false product to a retailer and they then sell it, they can get into legal trouble as well, and then drop you as a potential wholesaler. Along the way, this unhappy retailer will also be telling his/her friends that you are not reliable and you will lose current and potential customers.In order to protect yourself and your retailers, you want to

Do This And You Will Succeed
During the past 10 years I have had the good fortune to coach a number of good clients. About 17 percent of the individuals who have entrusted themselves to me have been Chief Executives or Main Board Directors of corporations with turnovers counted in the hundreds of millions.Coaching is like most other businesses in that the coach needs to keep learning and progressing in order to stay up with the game. One of the most valuable sources of knowledge is one’s clients.This is especially true when you are coaching people who are already very successful. You notice what they do and how they think and adopt some of their best traits into your coaching toolkit.There is one really noticeable difference between highly successful executives and those I would term “ordinary managers.” They are prepared to act and make changes in the way they behave. In other words they are not stuck in behavioural ruts.When you agree a plan of action, with clear, well defined goals with a good client, you can be sure that they will start to implement it straight away.And, importantly, they also go further than simply implementing their new strategy; they can also be relied upon to keep behaving in the new way until it becomes a new habit. In other words they make it an automatic reaction to a given situation.Their new habitual behaviour quickly replaces the old behaviour that was causing them problems.I recently had first hand experience of how effective it is when you change a habit. When I stood on the scales on the first day of the new year I weighed 197 pounds. That was 41 pounds more than the 156 pounds I weighed when I got married. So I decided then and there to trim off 31 pounds.Now I knew